Overflow incontinence

This form of incontinence is generally caused by restriction of the urethra due to, for example, benign prostatic hypertrophy with advancing age. Elderly men are therefore most frequently affected. As a result of the blockage of the urethra, urine accumulates in the bladder and this gradually causes overstretching of the bladder wall musculature. The retention of a large volume of urine results in a build-up of pressure inside the bladder, which then ultimately overcomes the restriction in the urethra and leads to constant dribbling of urine.

This so-called "obstructive" overflow incontinence is treated by surgically removing of the obstruction, for example, mainly removal of the prostate. To be born in mind additionally is that urethral restriction can lead to acute retention of urine (urinary retention). This is a definite urological medical emergency and must be treated immediately by means of transurethral (through the urethra) or suprapubic (placed through the abdominal wall) catheterization.

Besides obstructive overflow incontinence, there is another form known as functional overflow incontinence, which can also affect women. This form involves a weakness of the bladder muscle (detrusor muscle insufficiency) with insufficient ability to contract and results in passive overstretching of the bladder with occasional or constant dribbling of urine. This situation can arise, for example, as a result of certain medications (for example, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, antidepressants, sedatives, and others), metabolic disorders (Diabetes mellitus), diseases of the central nervous system (Parkinson's disease) or may due to psychogenic causes.